{"id":2309,"date":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/2025\/06\/19\/ils-ont-decapite-la-france-les-bourreaux\/"},"modified":"2025-07-19T09:15:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T07:15:13","slug":"ils-ont-decapite-la-france-les-bourreaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/ils-ont-decapite-la-france-les-bourreaux\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab Ils ont d\u00e9capit\u00e9 la France, les bourreaux ! \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/agrippa_daubigne_citations.jpg\" alt=\"Agrippa d\u2019Aubign\u00e9 citations\" title=\"Agrippa d\u2019Aubign\u00e9 citations\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" width=\"220\" height=\"260\"><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation\"><span class=\"enonce\">\u00ab\u00a0Ils ont d\u00e9capit\u00e9 la France, les bourreaux\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\"><span data-href=\"\/auteurs\/jean-d-aubigne\"><span class=\"author\"><span class=\"surname\">Jean d\u2019<\/span><span class=\"name\"><span class=\"caps\">AUBIGN\u00c9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (??-1563), \u00e0 son fils, devant le ch\u00e2teau d\u2019Amboise, mars\u00a01560<\/p>\n<p class=\"source\"><cite>La Vie d\u2019un h\u00e9ros, Agrippa d\u2019Aubign\u00e9<\/cite> (1913), Samuel Rocheblave.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"ressi\">Enfant de 8\u00a0ans, Agrippa d\u2019Aubign\u00e9 sera marqu\u00e9 \u00e0 vie par la vue des conjur\u00e9s protestants pendus sur la terrasse du ch\u00e2teau. C\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9pilogue de la conjuration d\u2019Amboise.<\/p>\n<p>Les chefs protestants (Cond\u00e9, Coligny, Henri de Bourbon) voulaient exprimer leurs dol\u00e9ances et d\u2019abord soustraire le jeune roi Fran\u00e7ois\u00a0<span class=\"caps\">II<\/span> \u00e0 l\u2019influence de ses oncles, le duc de Guise et le cardinal de Lorraine, catholiques responsables de la r\u00e9pression religieuse. Mais ils refusent la violence, et l\u2019enl\u00e8vement est organis\u00e9 par d\u2019autres gentilshommes, dont Jean d\u2019Aubign\u00e9. Le complot \u00e9choue et le \u00ab\u00a0tumulte\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019Amboise est noy\u00e9 dans le sang. Le prince de Cond\u00e9 sera arr\u00eat\u00e9, mais rel\u00e2ch\u00e9, aussit\u00f4t pr\u00eat \u00e0 une nouvelle conjuration.<\/p>\n<p>Le p\u00e8re d\u2019Aubign\u00e9 demande \u00e0 son fils de \u00ab\u00a0venger ces chefs pleins d\u2019honneur\u00a0\u00bb au p\u00e9ril de sa vie\u00a0: ce qu\u2019il fera, la plume et l\u2019\u00e9p\u00e9e \u00e0 la main, soldat, po\u00e8te et mystique, parfaite incarnation des exc\u00e8s et des vertus de son \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n<p>La guerre civile imminente est diff\u00e9r\u00e9e par un autre drame, la mort du jeune roi.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Je veux peindre la France une m\u00e8re afflig\u00e9e, Qui est, entre ses bras, de deux enfants charg\u00e9e.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\">Agrippa d\u2019<span class=\"caps\">AUBIGN\u00c9<\/span> (1552-1630), <em>Les Tragiques<\/em> (1616)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>T\u00e9moin \u00e0 8 ans des horreurs de la guerre civile qui commence \u00e0 d\u00e9chirer le pays et jurant \u00e0 son p\u00e8re calviniste de venger les pendus d\u2019Amboise en 1560, il mourra \u00e0 78 ans, sous le r\u00e8gne de Louis <span class=\"caps\">XIII<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Combattant aussi farouche l\u2019\u00e9p\u00e9e ou la plume \u00e0 la main, il entreprend cette \u00e9pop\u00e9e de la foi en 1577 \u2013 long po\u00e8me de sept livres, publi\u00e9 en 1616, quand le fond et la forme en appara\u00eetront totalement anachroniques. Cri de haine contre les catholiques, hymne \u00e0 la gloire des protestants, chant d\u2019amour \u00e0 la France incarn\u00e9e en femme.<\/p>\n<p>Cette ann\u00e9e 1577, la France vit sa sixi\u00e8me guerre de Religion. Parti catholique et parti protestant se sont \u00e9galement renforc\u00e9s, structur\u00e9s, au point que nul ne peut vraiment l\u2019emporter. La paix de Bergerac ne sera que provisoire.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Le printemps de l\u2019\u00c9glise et l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 sont pass\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\">Agrippa d\u2019<span class=\"caps\">AUBIGN\u00c9<\/span> (1552-1630), <em>Les Tragiques<\/em> (1616)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Ce protestant pur et dur d\u00e9plore la situation de l\u2019\u00c9glise r\u00e9form\u00e9e dont les fid\u00e8les se font de plus en plus rares. L\u2019\u00e9dit de Nantes n\u2019est qu\u2019un compromis provisoire pour l\u2019\u00c9glise catholique qui se veut toutepuissante, et m\u00eame les Politiques, autrement dit le parti mod\u00e9r\u00e9, voient dans cette coexistence de deux religions un mal, l\u2019id\u00e9al demeurant \u00ab\u00a0Un sceptre, une foi\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Sire, vous n\u2019avez encore renonc\u00e9 Dieu que des l\u00e8vres, et il s\u2019est content\u00e9 de les percer\u00a0; mais quand vous le renoncerez, alors il percera le coeur.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\">Agrippa d\u2019<span class=\"caps\">AUBIGN\u00c9<\/span> (1552-1630), \u00e0 Henri <span class=\"caps\">IV<\/span>, au lendemain de l\u2019attentat de Ch\u00e2tel. <em>\u00c9tude historique et litt\u00e9raire sur Agrippa d\u2019Aubign\u00e9<\/em> (1883), Eug\u00e8ne R\u00e9aume<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Le tr\u00e8s fervent protestant regrette qu\u2019Henri <span class=\"caps\">IV<\/span> ait fait l\u2019\u00e9change de Paris contre une messe \u2013 pour ne pas dire son \u00e2me. L\u2019abjuration l\u2019a indign\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9dit de Nantes ne le satisfera pas, ne faisant que tol\u00e9rer sa religion.<\/p>\n<p>Bien que rest\u00e9 fid\u00e8le au roi, il se retire dans ses terres de Vend\u00e9e, comme gouverneur, reprenant du service sous Louis <span class=\"caps\">XIII<\/span>, puis contraint de se r\u00e9fugier \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve o\u00f9 il meurt, \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 80 ans. Ironie de l\u2019histoire, sa petite-fille, Fran\u00e7oise d\u2019Aubign\u00e9, devenue marquise de Maintenon et femme de Louis <span class=\"caps\">XIV<\/span>, contribuera pour une large part \u00e0 la r\u00e9vocation de l\u2019\u00e9dit de Nantes et aux nouvelles pers\u00e9cutions contre les protestants.<\/p>\n<p>Sa citation est une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019attentat de Jean Ch\u00e2tel, qui blesse le roi Henri <span class=\"caps\">IV<\/span> \u00e0 la l\u00e8vre d\u2019un coup de couteau le 27 d\u00e9cembre 1594.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Il faut que je dise ici que la France, en le perdant, perdit un des plus grands rois qu\u2019elle e\u00fbt encore eus\u00a0; il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas sans d\u00e9fauts, mais en r\u00e9compense il avait de sublimes vertus.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\">Agrippa d\u2019<span class=\"caps\">AUBIGN\u00c9<\/span> (1552-1630). <em>Histoire de France au dix-septi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Henri <span class=\"caps\">IV<\/span> et Richelieu<\/em> (1857), Jules Michelet<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Protestant ardent, mais rest\u00e9 fid\u00e8le au roi m\u00eame apr\u00e8s l\u2019abjuration et l\u2019\u00e9dit de Nantes (qui ne le satisfaisait pas), d\u2019Aubign\u00e9 \u00e9nonce une grande v\u00e9rit\u00e9 \u00e0 la mort d\u2019Henri <span class=\"caps\">IV<\/span> le Grand. L\u2019assassinat frappe la France de stupeur, et fait du roi un martyr. Ce drame change aussit\u00f4t son image, fait taire toute critique et donne au personnage une immense popularit\u00e9. La l\u00e9gende fera le reste. D\u2019autant que la r\u00e9gente qui lui succ\u00e8de manque totalement de ces vertus politiques qui font les grands r\u00e8gnes.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Citations louis xiii\" href=\"http:\/\/www.histoire-en-citations.fr\/boutique\/volume-2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/histoire-en-citations-volume-2-7.jpg\" alt=\"Citations louis xiii\" title=\"Citations louis xiii\" style=\"float: left;margin: 10px\" width=\"165\" height=\"220\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"citations richelieu\" href=\"http:\/\/www.histoire-en-citations.fr\/boutique\/volume-2\">Feuilletez notre Chronique sur les guerres de Religion pour tout savoir.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<style>\r\n        a .cit-num {\r\n            text-decoration: none !important;\r\n            color: inherit !important;\r\n        }\r\n    <\/style>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0Ils ont d\u00e9capit\u00e9 la France, les bourreaux\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb Jean d&#8217;AUBIGN\u00c9 (??-1563), \u00e0 son fils, devant le ch\u00e2teau d&#8217;Amboise, mars\u00a01560 La Vie d&#8217;un h\u00e9ros, Agrippa d&#8217;Aubign\u00e9 (1913), Samuel Rocheblave. Enfant de 8\u00a0ans, Agrippa d&#8217;Aubign\u00e9 sera marqu\u00e9 \u00e0 vie par la vue des conjur\u00e9s protestants pendus sur la terrasse du ch\u00e2teau. C&#8217;est l&#8217;\u00e9pilogue de la conjuration d&#8217;Amboise. Les [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"iawp_total_views":16,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1426],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bourreaux-chronique-citation-du-jour-decapite-france-jean-daubigne-renaissance-et-guerres-de-religion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2312,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309\/revisions\/2312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}