{"id":2481,"date":"2015-12-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/2025\/06\/19\/23-fevrier-1771-un-edit-fait-leffet-dune-bombe\/"},"modified":"2025-07-19T09:15:17","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T07:15:17","slug":"23-fevrier-1771-un-edit-fait-leffet-dune-bombe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/23-fevrier-1771-un-edit-fait-leffet-dune-bombe\/","title":{"rendered":"23 f\u00e9vrier 1771 : un \u00e9dit fait l&#039;effet d&#039;une bombe !"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/maupeou_citation_reforme.jpg\" alt=\"maupeou citation r\u00e9forme\" title=\"maupeou citation r\u00e9forme\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" width=\"250\" height=\"254\"><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation\"><span class=\"enonce\">\u00ab\u00a0Toutes les t\u00eates se tourn\u00e8rent et l\u2019on entendit jusque dans les rues crier \u00e0 l\u2019injustice, \u00e0 la tyrannie. Les femmes se distingu\u00e8rent surtout. Selon elles, la monarchie allait s\u2019\u00e9crouler, elles ne parlaient des Parlements que comme des victimes qu\u2019on \u00e9gorgeait sur l\u2019autel du despotisme.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\"><span data-href=\"\/auteurs\/baron-de-besenval\"><span class=\"author\"><span class=\"surname\">Baron de <\/span><span class=\"name\"><span class=\"caps\">BESENVAL<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (1721-1791), <cite>M\u00e9moires de Besenval<\/cite> (posthume, 1805)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"ressi\">L\u2019\u00e9dit du 23\u00a0f\u00e9vrier 1771, lu le 25 au Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat par le chancelier Maupeou, fait l\u2019effet d\u2019une bombe. C\u2019en est une\u00a0: abolition de la v\u00e9nalit\u00e9 des charges, \u00e9tablissement de la gratuit\u00e9 de la justice, transformation des juges en fonctionnaires appoint\u00e9s, nomm\u00e9s par le roi et r\u00e9vocables en cas de fautes graves ou d\u2019insuffisances. Le \u00ab\u00a0coup d\u2019\u00c9tat Maupeou\u00a0\u00bb est une r\u00e9forme en profondeur de l\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime et les philosophes approuvent. Toutes les cours (des Aides, Comptes, Monnaies, Amiraut\u00e9s) sont supprim\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0J\u2019avais fait gagner au roi un proc\u00e8s qui durait depuis trois si\u00e8cles. S\u2019il veut le perdre encore, il est bien le ma\u00eetre.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\">Ren\u00e9 Nicolas de <span class=\"caps\">MAUPEOU<\/span> (1714-1792),<em> La Fin de l\u2019Ancien r\u00e9gime<\/em> (1974), Henri M\u00e9tivier<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"ressi\">Son coup d\u2019\u00c9tat a r\u00e9ussi\u00a0: la nouvelle justice fonctionne, plus efficace et plus rapide. Le chancelier de France pr\u00e9pare aussi un code unique et la simplification des proc\u00e9dures. Cette r\u00e9forme bat en br\u00e8che les privil\u00e8ges de la noblesse de robe et ouvre l\u2019acc\u00e8s de la magistrature \u00e0 tous. La d\u00e9marche est en m\u00eame temps politique\u00a0: en supprimant les Parlements, Maupeou d\u00e9barrasse le pouvoir central d\u2019une opposition syst\u00e9matique, frondeuse et paralysante, condition indispensable pour r\u00e9former les autres secteurs de l\u2019\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n<p>Mais Louis <span class=\"caps\">XVI<\/span> va rappeler les anciens Parlements, d\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir, en 1774.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ressi\"><a title=\"si\u00e8cle lumi\u00e8res citations\" href=\"http:\/\/www.histoire-en-citations.fr\/boutique\/volume-4\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/histoire-en-citations-volume-4-13.jpg\" alt=\"si\u00e8cle lumi\u00e8res citations\" title=\"si\u00e8cle lumi\u00e8res citations\" style=\"float: left;margin: 10px\" width=\"150\" height=\"200\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ressi\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"ressi\"><a title=\"si\u00e8cle lumi\u00e8res citations\" href=\"http:\/\/www.histoire-en-citations.fr\/boutique\/volume-4\">Feuilletez notre Chronique sur le Si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res pour en savoir plus<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ressi\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"ressi\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"ressi\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"ressi\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<style>\r\n        a .cit-num {\r\n            text-decoration: none !important;\r\n            color: inherit !important;\r\n        }\r\n    <\/style>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0Toutes les t\u00eates se tourn\u00e8rent et l&#8217;on entendit jusque dans les rues crier \u00e0 l&#8217;injustice, \u00e0 la tyrannie. Les femmes se distingu\u00e8rent surtout. Selon elles, la monarchie allait s&#8217;\u00e9crouler, elles ne parlaient des Parlements que comme des victimes qu&#8217;on \u00e9gorgeait sur l&#8217;autel du despotisme.\u00a0\u00bb Baron de BESENVAL (1721-1791), M\u00e9moires de Besenval (posthume, 1805) L&#8217;\u00e9dit du [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"iawp_total_views":68,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1458],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-baron-de-besenval-chronique-citation-du-jour-siecle-des-lumieres"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2481"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2484,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2481\/revisions\/2484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}