{"id":2553,"date":"2015-12-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-12-01T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/2025\/06\/19\/quetait-la-grande-armee-sinon-une-france\/"},"modified":"2025-07-19T09:15:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T07:15:20","slug":"quetait-la-grande-armee-sinon-une-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/quetait-la-grande-armee-sinon-une-france\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab Qu&#039;\u00e9tait la Grande Arm\u00e9e, sinon une France&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation\"><span class=\"enonce\">\u00ab\u00a0Qu\u2019\u00e9tait la Grande Arm\u00e9e, sinon une France guerri\u00e8re d\u2019hommes qui, sans famille, ayant de plus perdu la R\u00e9publique, cette patrie morale, promenait cette vie errante en Europe\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\"><span data-href=\"\/auteurs\/jules-michelet\"><span class=\"author\"><span class=\"surname\">Jules <\/span><span class=\"name\"><span class=\"caps\">MICHELET<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (1798-1874), <cite>Extraits historiques<\/cite> (posthume, 1907)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"ressi\">Telle est la d\u00e9finition humaine et romantique.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan institutionnel, la \u00ab\u00a0Grande Arm\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb est d\u2019abord le nom g\u00e9n\u00e9rique donn\u00e9 par Napol\u00e9on \u00e0 l\u2019arm\u00e9e d\u2019invasion, bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Boulogne, pour attaquer l\u2019Angleterre en franchissant la Manche \u2013 projet abandonn\u00e9 apr\u00e8s Trafalgar (1805) et l\u2019an\u00e9antissement de la flotte fran\u00e7aise. La Grande Arm\u00e9e d\u00e9signe ensuite l\u2019arm\u00e9e napol\u00e9onienne, la meilleure du monde\u00a0: grande par le nombre des soldats, plus d\u2019un million, et cent mille hommes de r\u00e9serve\u00a0; grande aussi par la qualit\u00e9, l\u2019organisation, les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux d\u2019exception. Elle est initialement compos\u00e9e de sept corps d\u2019arm\u00e9e, les sept \u00ab\u00a0torrents\u00a0\u00bb command\u00e9s par les mar\u00e9chaux Augereau, Bernadotte, Davout, Lannes, Ney, Soult, et par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Marmont.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019ogre corse sous qui nous sommes,<br>Cherchant toujours nouveaux exploits,<br>Mange par an deux cent mille hommes<br>Et va partout chiant des rois.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\">Pamphlet anonyme contre Napol\u00e9on. <em>Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis<\/em>, article \u00ab\u00a0Premier Empire\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>De nombreux pamphlets contribuent \u00e0 diffuser la l\u00e9gende noire de l\u2019Ogre de Corse, contre la l\u00e9gende dor\u00e9e de la propagande imp\u00e9riale.<\/p>\n<p>Les rois impos\u00e9s par l\u2019empereur sont nombreux, pris dans sa famille ou parmi ses g\u00e9n\u00e9raux\u00a0: rois de Naples, d\u2019Espagne, de Su\u00e8de, de Hollande, de Westphalie. Royaut\u00e9s parfois \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8res, souvent mal accept\u00e9es des populations lib\u00e9r\u00e9es ou conquises.<\/p>\n<p>Les historiens estimeront \u00e0 un million les morts de la Grande Arm\u00e9e, \u00ab\u00a0cette l\u00e9gendaire machine de guerre\u00a0\u00bb command\u00e9e par Napol\u00e9on en personne.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Je suis un pauvre conscrit \/ De l\u2019an mille huit cent dix [\u2026]<br>Ils nous font tirer z\u2019au sort \/ Pour nous conduire \u00e0 la mort.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\"><em>Le D\u00e9part du conscrit<\/em>, vers 1810, chanson anonyme \u00e0 plusieurs versions<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>La guerre d\u2019Espagne, d\u00e9sastreuse pour la Grande Arm\u00e9e, va devenir tr\u00e8s co\u00fbteuse au pays. Les coalitions qui se succ\u00e8dent font 200 000 morts par an. Il faut recruter\u00a0: les conscrits partent sans enthousiasme, le nombre des r\u00e9fractaires augmente, avec la complicit\u00e9 de la population paysanne.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019arm\u00e9e, c\u2019est la nation\u00a0\u00bb, dans la doctrine imp\u00e9riale. Mais \u00e0 partir de 1811, il faut int\u00e9grer des contingents \u00e9trangers, et recourir massivement \u00e0 la conscription (ou service militaire)\u00a0: la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise avait commenc\u00e9, avec la lev\u00e9e en masse des soldats de l\u2019an <span class=\"caps\">II<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<style>\r\n        a .cit-num {\r\n            text-decoration: none !important;\r\n            color: inherit !important;\r\n        }\r\n    <\/style>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0Qu&#8217;\u00e9tait la Grande Arm\u00e9e, sinon une France guerri\u00e8re d&#8217;hommes qui, sans famille, ayant de plus perdu la R\u00e9publique, cette patrie morale, promenait cette vie errante en Europe\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb Jules MICHELET (1798-1874), Extraits historiques (posthume, 1907) Telle est la d\u00e9finition humaine et romantique. Sur le plan institutionnel, la \u00ab\u00a0Grande Arm\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb est d&#8217;abord le nom g\u00e9n\u00e9rique donn\u00e9 par [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"iawp_total_views":1,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1476],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-citation-du-jour-jules-michelet-premier-empire-quelques-reperes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2553"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2554,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2553\/revisions\/2554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}