{"id":4603,"date":"2017-05-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-30T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/2025\/06\/21\/8-novembre-392-un-decret-de-lempereur-theodose-interdit-les-autres-cultes-que-le-christianisme-dans-tous-lempire-romain\/"},"modified":"2025-07-19T09:16:27","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T07:16:27","slug":"8-novembre-392-un-decret-de-lempereur-theodose-interdit-les-autres-cultes-que-le-christianisme-dans-tous-lempire-romain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/8-novembre-392-un-decret-de-lempereur-theodose-interdit-les-autres-cultes-que-le-christianisme-dans-tous-lempire-romain\/","title":{"rendered":"8 novembre 392 : un d\u00e9cret de l&#039;empereur Th\u00e9odose interdit les autres cultes que le christianisme dans tous l&#039;empire romain."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Par ce signe, tu vaincras.\u00a0\u00bb<span id=\"36\" class=\"cit-num\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\"><span class=\"caps\">CONSTANTIN<\/span>\u00a0Ier le Grand (272-337), 312. <em>Dictionnaire philosophique<\/em> (1764), Voltaire<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9pisode (assur\u00e9ment authentique) des martyrs de Lyon, le christianisme se r\u00e9pand, en Gaule comme dans le reste de l\u2019Empire.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la fin du <span class=\"caps\">III<\/span>e si\u00e8cle, l\u2019Empire est partag\u00e9 en quatre grandes r\u00e9gions. Constantin, \u00e0 la t\u00eate de la Gaule, entre bient\u00f4t en guerre contre les autres souverains. En 312, il d\u00e9cide de marcher sur Rome et l\u2019Italie, tenue par Maxence.<\/p>\n<p>Chef avis\u00e9, Constantin s\u2019est rendu compte qu\u2019un nombre important de l\u00e9gionnaires sont chr\u00e9tiens. Il fait \u00e9tat d\u2019un r\u00eave (vrai ou faux\u00a0?). Il aurait vu une croix dans le ciel et entendu une voix lui dire\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<em>Hoc signo victor eris<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Par ce signe, tu vaincras\u00a0\u00bb). Il met cette devise avec la croix, sur son \u00e9tendard\u00a0: il se rallie ainsi les chr\u00e9tiens de son arm\u00e9e, aussi bien que ceux de l\u2019arm\u00e9e ennemie.<\/p>\n<p>Voltaire cite la phrase plus compl\u00e8te que dans la plupart des autres sources\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Par ce signe, tu vaincras tous tes ennemis.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Tu as vaincu, Galil\u00e9en.\u00a0\u00bb<span id=\"37\" class=\"cit-num\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\"><span class=\"caps\">JULIEN<\/span> l\u2019Apostat (331-363), mourant en 363. <em>Histoire de France<\/em>, tome\u00a0<span class=\"caps\">XVIII<\/span> (1878), Jules Michelet<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Mot de la fin du plus redoutable ennemi du christianisme naissant.<\/p>\n<p>Julien a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 au massacre de sa famille, ordonn\u00e9 par son cousin Constance <span class=\"caps\">II<\/span>, fils et successeur de Constantin Ier. \u00c9loign\u00e9 de la cour, le jeune prince se passionne pour la philosophie n\u00e9oplatonicienne, alors qu\u2019une \u00e9ducation chr\u00e9tienne trop s\u00e9v\u00e8re lui fait prendre cette religion en horreur. Excellent guerrier, il \u00e9crase les Alamans (hordes germaniques) \u00e0 Strasbourg (357) et ses soldats le proclament empereur.<\/p>\n<p>La mort de son cousin fait de lui le seul ma\u00eetre de l\u2019Empire, en 361. Il se rallie les h\u00e9r\u00e9tiques et s\u2019efforce de r\u00e9tablir les anciens cultes pa\u00efens, d\u2019o\u00f9 son surnom d\u2019Apostat.<\/p>\n<p>En guerre contre les Parthes (ma\u00eetres de l\u2019ancien Empire perse) et en pleine d\u00e9b\u00e2cle de l\u2019ennemi, Julien est atteint par un javelot. Il se croit frapp\u00e9 par une main invisible\u00a0: le Galil\u00e9en J\u00e9sus le ch\u00e2tie pour avoir reni\u00e9 le christianisme.<\/p>\n<p>Hormis ce r\u00e8gne bref, l\u2019\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation des villes, puis des campagnes, se poursuit.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Ces Gaulois qui combattirent les dieux apr\u00e8s les avoir ador\u00e9s jadis.\u00a0\u00bb<span id=\"38\" class=\"cit-num\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\"><span class=\"caps\">LIBANIOS<\/span> (314-390), Discours pour les temples (386). <em>Les Celtiques\u00a0: servitude et grandeur des auxiliaires bretons dans l\u2019Empire romain<\/em> (1998), Soazick Kerneis<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Rh\u00e9teur et sophiste, Libanios s\u2019adresse ici \u00e0 l\u2019empereur Th\u00e9odose. La question religieuse occupe tout le <span class=\"caps\">IV<\/span>e si\u00e8cle en Gaule. L\u2019\u00e9dit de Milan, sign\u00e9 par Constantin en 313, garantit aux chr\u00e9tiens une tol\u00e9rance religieuse. Mis \u00e0 part le r\u00e8gne de Julien l\u2019Apostat, trop court pour infl\u00e9chir le sens de l\u2019histoire, le si\u00e8cle sera celui de l\u2019\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation des villes (on passe de 20 \u00e0 60 \u00e9v\u00each\u00e9s), puis des campagnes, sous l\u2019action de Martin (saint), \u00e9v\u00eaque de Tours, avec la fondation des premiers monast\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<p>En 391, le christianisme devient religion d\u2019\u00c9tat\u00a0: l\u2019empereur Th\u00e9odose Ier interdit le culte des idoles et ferme les temples pa\u00efens \u2013 le mot <em>pagani<\/em> na\u00eet en 368, pour d\u00e9signer les sujets non chr\u00e9tiens de l\u2019Empire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<style>\r\n        a .cit-num {\r\n            text-decoration: none !important;\r\n            color: inherit !important;\r\n        }\r\n    <\/style>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0Par ce signe, tu vaincras.\u00a0\u00bb36 CONSTANTIN\u00a0Ier le Grand (272-337), 312. Dictionnaire philosophique (1764), Voltaire Apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9pisode (assur\u00e9ment authentique) des martyrs de Lyon, le christianisme se r\u00e9pand, en Gaule comme dans le reste de l\u2019Empire.\u00c0 la fin du IIIe si\u00e8cle, l\u2019Empire est partag\u00e9 en quatre grandes r\u00e9gions. Constantin, \u00e0 la t\u00eate de la Gaule, entre bient\u00f4t [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"iawp_total_views":102,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-citation-du-jour"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4603"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4604,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4603\/revisions\/4604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}