{"id":5282,"date":"2017-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-31T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/2025\/06\/21\/le-culte-de-letre-supreme\/"},"modified":"2025-07-19T09:16:50","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T07:16:50","slug":"le-culte-de-letre-supreme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/le-culte-de-letre-supreme\/","title":{"rendered":"Le culte de l\u2019\u00catre supr\u00eame"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/etre_supreme.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" width=\"500\" height=\"297\"><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Le peuple fran\u00e7ais reconna\u00eet l\u2019existence de l\u2019\u00catre supr\u00eame et l\u2019immortalit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e2me.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\">Maximilien <span class=\"caps\">ROBESPIERRE<\/span> (1758-1794), Convention, Rapport du 7 mai 1794 (d\u00e9cret du 18 flor\u00e9al an <span class=\"caps\">II<\/span>). <em>Le <span class=\"caps\">XIX<\/span>e si\u00e8cle et la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise<\/em> (1992), Maurice Agulhon<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>La d\u00e9christianisation de la France est en bonne voie\u00a0: cloches fondues pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer le m\u00e9tal, calendrier r\u00e9publicain o\u00f9 les saints ont disparu, inscription \u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e des cimeti\u00e8res d\u00e9cr\u00e9tant que \u00ab\u00a0la mort est un repos \u00e9ternel\u00a0\u00bb (par arr\u00eat\u00e9 de Fouch\u00e9), repos dominical et f\u00eates religieuses supprim\u00e9es. Mais Robespierre sait que le peuple a besoin d\u2019une forme de spiritualit\u00e9, ne serait-ce que pour encourager le civisme.<\/p>\n<p>Mettant en accord id\u00e9es religieuses et principes r\u00e9publicains, il r\u00e9affirme que \u00ab\u00a0le fondement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, c\u2019est la morale (au nom de quoi) il sera institu\u00e9 des f\u00eates pour appeler l\u2019homme \u00e0 la po\u00e9sie de la divinit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>La f\u00eate de l\u2019\u00catre supr\u00eame, couronnement spirituel de la d\u00e9mocratie selon Robespierre, est fix\u00e9e au 8 juin.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0Ayez des f\u00eates g\u00e9n\u00e9rales et plus solennelles pour toute la R\u00e9publique\u00a0; ayez des f\u00eates particuli\u00e8res et pour chaque lieu qui soient des jours de repos [\u2026] Que toutes tendent \u00e0 r\u00e9veiller les sentiments g\u00e9n\u00e9reux qui font le charme et l\u2019ornement de la vie humaine, l\u2019enthousiasme de la libert\u00e9, l\u2019amour de la patrie, le respect des lois.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\">Maximilien <span class=\"caps\">ROBESPIERRE<\/span> (1758-1794). <em>Robespierre, \u00e9crits<\/em> (1989), Claude Mazauric<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Couronnement spirituel de la d\u00e9mocratie selon Robespierre, la f\u00eate de l\u2019\u00catre supr\u00eame a lieu le 8 juin\u00a0: F\u00eate du 20 prairial an <span class=\"caps\">II<\/span>, grandiose spectacle mis en sc\u00e8ne par le peintre David. Bouquet d\u2019\u00e9pis, de fruits et de fleurs \u00e0 la main, Robespierre marche en t\u00eate du cort\u00e8ge, des Tuileries au Champ de Mars, devant une foule estim\u00e9e \u00e0 400 000 personnes (pour 600 000 Parisiens \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque). Chiffre sans doute exag\u00e9r\u00e9, mais les tableaux et gravures t\u00e9moignent de cette \u00e9norme masse humaine, comparable, quatre ans plus t\u00f4t, au rassemblement national, \u00e0 la F\u00eate de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n<p>Comme \u00e0 la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration, il y a quelques ricanements, et quelques mots contre le tyran du jour, mais on sent surtout beaucoup d\u2019\u00e9motion, d\u2019admiration et d\u2019espoir.<\/p>\n<p>Robespierre est le premier \u00e0 croire \u00e0 cette utopie. Il est d\u00e9iste \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re de Rousseau, et non ath\u00e9e (comme Fouch\u00e9, H\u00e9bert ou Danton). Le culte de l\u2019\u00catre supr\u00eame, influenc\u00e9 par la pens\u00e9e des philosophes du si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res, est une \u00ab\u00a0religion\u00a0\u00bb qui se traduit par une s\u00e9rie de f\u00eates civiques\u00a0: le but est de r\u00e9unir p\u00e9riodiquement les citoyens et de \u00ab\u00a0refonder\u00a0\u00bb spirituellement la Cit\u00e9, mais surtout de promouvoir des valeurs sociales, abstraites et majuscules, comme l\u2019Amiti\u00e9, la Fraternit\u00e9, le Genre humain, l\u2019Enfance, la Jeunesse ou le Bonheur.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"citation-small\">\u00ab\u00a0On crut que Robespierre allait fermer l\u2019ab\u00eeme de la R\u00e9volution.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"auteur\">Jacques Fran\u00e7ois <span class=\"caps\">MALLET<\/span> du <span class=\"caps\">PAN<\/span> (1749-1800), apr\u00e8s la f\u00eate de l\u2019\u00catre supr\u00eame, juin 1794. <em>La R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise, 1789-1799<\/em> (1948), Albert Soboul<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>R\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00e0 Berne, rapporteur pour les cours \u00e9trang\u00e8res, il t\u00e9moigne \u00e9galement dans ses M\u00e9moires.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s les fureurs de la d\u00e9christianisation (culte de la Raison) et de la Terreur r\u00e9volutionnaire, cette manifestation nationale du 20 prairial an <span class=\"caps\">II<\/span> impressionne et rassure les voisins de la France. Mais \u00e7a ne dure gu\u00e8re, et la nouvelle religion n\u2019adoucit pas les moeurs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<style>\r\n        a .cit-num {\r\n            text-decoration: none !important;\r\n            color: inherit !important;\r\n        }\r\n    <\/style>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0Le peuple fran\u00e7ais reconna\u00eet l\u2019existence de l\u2019\u00catre supr\u00eame et l\u2019immortalit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e2me.\u00a0\u00bb Maximilien ROBESPIERRE (1758-1794), Convention, Rapport du 7 mai 1794 (d\u00e9cret du 18 flor\u00e9al an II). Le XIXe si\u00e8cle et la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise (1992), Maurice Agulhon La d\u00e9christianisation de la France est en bonne voie&nbsp;: cloches fondues pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer le m\u00e9tal, calendrier r\u00e9publicain o\u00f9 [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"iawp_total_views":25,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-citation-du-jour"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5282"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5282\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5284,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5282\/revisions\/5284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/histoire-en-citations.fr\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}